The word spirituality is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or religion. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. 1.Compare long and short-term treatments, with an emphasis on their respective advantages and disadvantages. Home > Girls and boys are transformed at puberty from autonomous maturing people into a pool of social entities, whose role is to contribute to the reproduction and sustainability of the whole community, and to perpetuate genealogical continuity [5]. Traditional knowledge is applied through avenues such as tradition, initiation, rituals, marriage, social and religious ceremonies. /Pages 1 0 R << Syncretism relates to a reconciliation, or fusion, of differing systems of belief, especially with partial success or heterogeneous result; totemism represents an emblem of a clan or family which is revered, such as its founder, ancestor or guardian; universalism refers to a common conception of the origin of the universe and people; and culturalism refers to traditional customs, norms and values enshrined in a particular society that defines its beliefs and practices [16,17]. Online therapy is not trying to replace traditional therapy, but it is a better fit for millions of people. These reflect the period, circumstance and cultural factors surrounding a particular generation or human society, which acts as a reference point. 3)To prevent chronic /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Shes booked, maybe for months. /Widths [ 178 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 361 361 500 500 214 366 214 500 558 448 545 523 554 514 532 521 532 532 218 500 500 500 500 500 500 672 628 675 704 657 500 500 772 384 500 717 606 500 767 500 609 500 677 572 670 734 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 483 526 472 535 476 334 469 556 300 500 522 284 839 568 512 539 500 405 433 350 551 494 752 500 489 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 787 ] It can mean different things to people at different times and in different circumstances. If the thought of meeting someone in-person or seeing them face-to-face for the first time makes you nervous, online therapy is for you. WebWorking together with a counselor, healer, or helper from an unknown culture can vastly improve a counselors ability to be effective and the probability of success in implementing appropriate interventions. << By Livingstone Malinge Gqeba and Nokuzola Gloria Gqeba. 13 0 obj /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 100 0 R Rituals have important cultural, social, psychological and symbolic dimensions to people who take part in ritual practices [22]. Between these two broad schools of counseling stem derivative approaches, such as adolescent counseling, careers counseling, child counseling, couples counseling, and psychosocial counseling. /Filter /FlateDecode /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 125 0 R Do you value tradition more than convenience, in-person interaction more than price? 1. Not everyone benefits from a group scenario, /Type /Page 21 0 obj /Type /Page In the context of this understanding, it is plausible to infer that peoples attitudes and feelings about their culture, what is good or bad, what is acceptable or not, what is preferable or not, and why people act the way they do, all lay a sound foundation for the collective belief and value system. The effects of globalization, acculturation and social integration all bear testimony to this observation. Modern counseling evolved and changed rapidly during the 20th Century, and contains within it a variety of different themes, emphases, practices, and orientations [1]. You Can Express Yourself In Many Ways Text, Video, Audio and More. From an African perspective, this collectivist orientation builds stronger sociocultural bonds, promotes more cohesive avenues of problem resolution, and enhances desirable behavior change for the common good of the society. << 29 0 obj They constitute links in the ancestral chain for generations in perpetuity, as a lifeline for the family and clan, genealogically. 11 0 obj 14 0 obj They can use any combinations of these mediums at any time. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Type /Page /Resources 59 0 R Some Forms of Therapy Are Difficult or Nearly Impossible Online. People in different cultures and societies globally have distinct ways of assisting those experiencing social, psychological, behavioral, emotional, familial, spiritual, and physical, problems. Multiculturalism is a concept that broadly acknowledges the importance of demographic variables, ethnographical status, social status, and sociocultural affiliations of the people in any human society worldwide. /Rotate 0 Ruminate on how each pro and con meshes with your preferences and needs. Ethnic affiliations are perceived as an important aspect of individual and group identity formulations, whereby disadvantaged or underprivileged groups are deemed disempowered politically, rendered poor economically, and disenfranchised socially. Advice and guidance is given to the family or members of the local community when young people are being initiated at puberty, or prepared for marriage, when people are in bereavement, and when people attend traditional, religious, ritual, and social ceremonies. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] Here are a few therapeutic approaches that are difficult or nearly impossible to conduct online: As we mentioned earlier, in-office therapy typically costs between $75 and $150 for a 45-60 minute session. << /Rotate 0 The adolescent stage is viewed as more of a transition phase, with its own ambiguities which begin when childhood ends, at puberty. The symbolic logic regarding the primary function of rituals is that it applies to both girls and boys, and the socialization process starts during childhood and reaches its climax in the initiation rituals at puberty and marriage. The prescribed order of performance is not only limited to religious service, but also encompasses other sociocultural actions and rites, including those performed by traditional leaders and traditional healers. /Type /Font /Parent 1 0 R Adhering to the 25 0 obj Some people like the office environment and the act of setting aside a time and place for therapy. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. endobj When magic is applied for offensive purposes it assumes the label of witchcraft. << Her counsel is binding, and it cannot be disputed or challenged. Some traditional healers apply exorcism to cleanse evil spirits or demons at the individual or family level. It also enhances their ability to perpetuate traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices over successive generations for the common good of society. Convenient and secure online therapy from the comfort of your home, Psychiatric treatment from a licensed prescriber, Relationship-centered therapy that connects you and your partner, Specialized online therapy for ages 13-17. As more people try the computer and smartphone over the couch, both mental health professionals and therapy-goers are discussing the pros and cons. By eliminating negative thoughts, the person can think clearly. What seems to be central to their traditional healing practice is the determination of physical illness, and a ritualistic approach to resolving some of the problems presented to them, especially in the context of extrasensory phenomenal concerns and richness enhancement. It can be viewed from a dimensional context: on one hand are traditional forms of counseling practiced from an Afrocentric perspective, and on the other, modern forms of counseling practiced from a Eurocentric perspective. Traditional healers are instrumental in these arrangements, and they act as a cherished fountain of traditional knowledge and cultural practices in both rural and urban communities. By Livingstone Malinge Gqeba and Nokuzola Gloria Gqeb By Ntsika Majiba and Nolonwabo Happiness Majiba, IntechOpen Limited Depending on the scope of the problem, and its nature of representation, traditional counseling approaches promote the active involvement of the family and community in problem identification, resolution, and management. Its much easier to gain skills and keep them updated. /Resources 72 0 R It could add an extra two hours or more to your day if there isnt a therapists office near your home or work. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] endobj Whereas spirituality appears to be a simple phenomenon on the surface, in reality it entails a very complex system of symbolisms, ideas, beliefs and practices, which comprise the fundamental principles on which many people base their lives [20]. Even with health insurance coverage, traditional therapy costs an average $75-150 per session (usually 45-60 minutes). /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Each community comprises people of different ethnic backgrounds, languages, religions, customs, and traditions. It is perceived a symbol of their maturation to womanhood, motherhood and adulthood. Thousands of people prefer this approach because they dont want to risk friends, family members or co-workers knowing they are going to therapy. /Parent 1 0 R /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Traditional medicine is shrouded in ritualistic observance and practice. Cognitive behavioral therapy relies on the will of the patient. Lasting from Talkspace These avenues are important, not only for sustainable social integration and the perpetuation of cultural identity, for the common good of the society and individual wellbeing, but also for the practice of traditional forms of counseling, at the various levels of contact. This view is supported by Ampim [7], who states that, an elder is someone who is given the highest status in African culture, because she has lived a life of purpose, and there is nothing more respected than living a purposeful life [] she is a living model for the other groups in the society to emulate (p.2). This is due to the fact that, people in societies continue to experience emotional or psychological distress and behavioural problems. Describe the approaches of leading therapists in the field of short-term psychotherapy. The term counseling is used to describe a variety of different activities. Online Therapy Alone Is Often Not Enough for Severe Mental Health Issues. The primary aim of counseling is to help people with concerns to reflect on their changed situation, identify possible solutions, and develop action plans to resolve those presenting problems, so that they can continue living resourcefully for personal development and satisfaction. endobj The behavior of people varies from one culture to another. Most people have different views on what counseling is, and the context of its application, hence the multiplicity of theoretical models. There are a few potential benefits to a traditional system of power and authority. WebAdvantages of Counselling. The universal experience suggests that all human beings are products of their own culture, hence the unique cultural identities in each human society worldwide. Religious leaders are representative shepherds of God, responsible for the caring for people on earth. WebSome of the disadvantages of online counseling include: Anonymity and privacy: Online counseling uses technology-aided devices and internet as the main medium for communication between the therapist and the client. The interaction can be for one counseling session only, or can be for several sessions, spread over a period of time, depending on the scope of the problem and the nature of its representation. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] It can take many hours to thoroughly search for a therapist who fits your needs and preferences. /Resources 102 0 R >> The Commute and Scheduling Can Be a Hassle. /Parent 1 0 R 2020 The Author(s). Oral history as a source and method has been central to the development of African historiography, and no element has served as a clearer signature of, and for, the traditional oral source, within the programs of recovering the African past [2]. /FontFamily (Sentinel) 1) To develop in students an awareness of opportunities in the society through relevant and useful Think about your life and what you most value. The interplay is between one person and the other, usually arising from envy, jealousy, and resentment, and is motivated by the desire for inheritance, revenge, malice, or appropriation of magical power, or for economic gain, enrichment, and prosperity. >> /Resources 43 0 R Spiritual forces associated with places of power are defined differently from the spirits appealed to at land shrines which are reputed to have a link to the community stemming from their past experience as a people. It bears a symbolic value and importance. There are several classifications of modern counseling based on different theoretical orientations, resulting in specialization, and focused approach, by the practitioner-counselors. Marriage is a very important institution in almost all human societies worldwide; it has survived human existence as an instrument for social interaction, procreation and protection from extinction, and it can be a critical factor in achieving happiness throughout family life. 24 0 obj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Multiculturalism recognizes the multiplicity of subcultures which differentiate, for instance, one tribal grouping or clan from another, and one society from another. You will need to try a different therapist or use online therapy to see the therapist you want. Values are an enduring belief that a specific end-state or mode of conduct is preferable. >> Activities such as initiation, ritual, marriage, social, and religious ceremonies are practiced to symbolize the cultural heritage and traditional value systems. These indigenous approaches to traditional counseling can be referred to as family counseling, and community counseling, respectively. >> Like in the past, it takes place within the kinship system, family and community. There are several thematic beliefs that underlie the value systems of most African cultures and societies. /ToUnicode 41 0 R Some of the issues that multiculturalism set out to address, although primarily referenced in the Euro-American context, have some relevance to the African context as well. In many traditional belief systems in Africa, mental health problems, bad luck, and sudden or mysterious deaths, are attributed to either the influence of ancestral spirits or bewitchment [19]. The African cultural life has been unique since time immemorial. endobj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Contents 124 0 R The term culture is novel and broad. 31 0 obj When therapists practice psychotherapy in an office, there is inevitably some downtime. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] WebThe importance of confidentiality within counselling is extremely valuable as every individual has the right to say how their information can be accessed. Research & insights endobj /Type /Page The process will take a little longer if the network requires health insurance, but it should still be quick compared to traditional therapy. /Rotate 0 Initiation rituals have been a central part of traditional cultures of African society, from ancient times. Call +1 (800) 273-8255 or usethese resourcesto get immediate help. endobj /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 90 0 R The implication of this indigenous knowledge is that, although the linkage and interconnectedness between cause and effect may not be apparent from a modernistic perspective, many people believe in spirits, that is, natural spirits and ancestral spirits. With the incre uhasing threat The history of witchcraft, spirit possession, and experiences of extrasensory perception, is old and deep-rooted, and part of the African culture [18]. 37 0 obj Ritualism is the regular or excessive practice of rituals, although this view bears a rather negative connotation. *Address all correspondence to: hectorchiboola@yahoo.com. A recent study, risk of supervisors or co-workers judging or not understanding, How Therapy Subtly Reveals Whether You Have an Eating Disorder, Free Online Therapy: Understanding Therapy vs. Free Counseling, Celebrate Every Step of Therapy: Learn About Why & How. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The reverse is true when the changes are deemed beneficial to the individual. /UCR2 /Default 9 0 obj << /Resources 121 0 R Depression test >> This view is in sharp contrast to the traditional view, which holds that young women at initiation are predominantly taught how to lie in bed with their future husbands in order to give them the greatest sexual satisfaction, how to behave as proper women, as married women, and mothers of families, and how to perform womens roles and responsibilities [21,23]. At village level, the village committee constitutes the third tier in the hierarchy. They are derived from socialization and culture, environmental influences, and education, among many other factors. You Might Need to Wait a Long Time Before Starting Therapy. The multicultural theory can adequately inform the theoretical framework of traditional counseling when an African perspective is integrated. At the premarital stage, the focus is on the dos and donts of married life, family responsibility, and parentingmore of an induction process to enhance social competences and skills in readiness for marriage. Spirituality is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things that unite people into one single moral community, called a church. /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 86 0 R The interpretation and experience of these extrasensory phenomena is common among many cultural and tribal groupings in Africa. Some People Need the In-Person Interaction.

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